Treatment for Depression a Critical Evaluation of the Effects of Social Support on Depression free essay sample

Social support can be defined as: â€Å"information leading the subject to believe that he is cared for and loved, esteemed, and a member of a network of mutual obligations† (Cobb, 1976, p. 1). It is useful to note that there are many diverse types of social support that can be both beneficial and/or detrimental to the recovery from depression (Arditte amp; Joorman, 2011; Blais amp; Renshaw, 2012; Dolokin, Panzarella, Fernandez, Alloy, amp; Cascardi, 2004; Grav, Hellzen, amp; Romild, 2011; Marroquin, 2011). This essay will cover the topics of the benefits of social support on depression, and how one goes about seeking and receiving ocial support. It will also discuss the role of gender in social support, and finally it will talk about some different types of social support that can be used. There is overwhelming amounts of research that substantiate the fact that social support helps to ameliorate depression. Having a clear support structure significantly reduces depressive ep isodes, and decreases the chance of having depression re-occur (Lin, Ye amp; Ensel, 1999). We will write a custom essay sample on Treatment for Depression: a Critical Evaluation of the Effects of Social Support on Depression or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Lin, Ye and Ensel discussed certain steps a person can take to help gain adequate social support, such as joining a community project, or helping in volunteer work. Participating in events that involve being around others enhances a feeling of belongingness. Which they express in their research can facilitate the creation of binding relationships with others, thus helping to create a practical social support network. Their study also found a correlation between people who had intimate relationships with others, and a decrease in depressive moods. They also note the relationship between the amount of contact, or support a depressed person receives per week has a dramatic effect in reducing their symptoms. It is interesting to note that persons who have a greater perception of social support feel less depressive symptoms over time, whereas people thinking they are lacking adequate social support state an increase in depressive symptoms (Lin, Ye amp; Ensel, 1999; Cohen amp; Wills, 1985; Gladstone, Parker, Malhi amp; Wilhelm, 2007). The need for social support varies significantly across genders (Cheng, 1999). For instance, Cheng notes that men report to having a lower need for support than woman. Her study found that males reported to being more self-reliant and independent, and thus wanting to solve the problems they are facing alone. This could potentially explain the reason that they need less social support than woman. Her study found that people with more feminine characteristics report a decrease in depressive moods when they receive more social support. In addition to looking at the quantity in which males and females wish to receive social support, it would be beneficial to understand the two types of social support that is applicable to gender. Firstly, emotional support, which can consist of hugging, pats on the back, listening, and empathising (Grav, Hellzen amp; Romild, 2011). The second form of social support that Grav, Hellzen and Romild investigated was tangible support, which can include: helping the depressed person with their physical responsibilities, cooking a meal, buying groceries, brainstorming and help with problem solving. Woman who suffer from depression reported needing more emotional support to help overcome their depression, whereas men identify with needing more tangible support (Grav, Hellzen amp; Romild, 2011). Another specific type of social support which has been studied recently is Adaptive Inferential Feedback (AIF) as found in a study conducted by Dobkin, Panzarella, Fernandez, Alloy and Cascardi (2004). This information was further supported by Panzarella, Alloy and Whitehouse (2006). Both studies explain that adaptive inferential feedback involves giving positive feedback to a depressed person regarding their stressful life event to help them avoid depressive thinking. Panzarella et al. (2004) states that helping the person curve their thinking in a positive direction helps buffer the affects of the depression. To put it simply, the supporter is giving positive praise for things the person did well, while not focusing on any negative aspects. It could be argued that this method employs a tendency to trivialize problems and that by only focusing on the positives, the negative aspects of the persons life will not be appropriately dealt with leading to greater problems further down the road. For this reason it may be best to use this type of support in tandem with the method outlined below. The use of another specific type of social support that can be used when a person with depression does not have an adequate support network at their disposal is Emotion Regulation   (Arditte amp; Joorman, 2011). Arditte and Joorman investigated the impact of emotion regulation strategies on depression. In their research, they focused their study on different subtypes of emotion regulation which could be beneficial to ameliorating depression. Their research found that cognitive reappraisal and ruminative reflection could be used as helpful tool when battling depression. They explain that cognitive reappraisal is a tool whereby a person would re-interpret a stressful life event in a way that softens its psychological impact from a negative way to a more positive way. For example, if a person suffering from depression is informed that their partner wants to leave the relationship, they could use cognitive reappraisal and think about the situation in a more positive way, â€Å"I will find someone who is going to be better for me anyway. †Ã‚   Arditte amp; Joorman (2011) go on to explain that reflection can be used as a positive or negative emotion regulation trategy. They found that when a person reflects inwards at one’s self, focusing on positive aspects, that would be considered ruminative reflection, which is a key strategy in reducing depression. However, if the depressed person is focusing on the negative aspects, that is considered ruminative brooding; this type of emotion regulation will be detrimental to recovery from depression. With this data collected, we have more of an understanding about how social support helps to ameliorate depression and are able to conclude that social support is a helpful tool in conquering depression. Specific determining factors, with regards to types of support, who, and when support is received can be found to be instrumental in accounting for it’s effects (Grav, Hellzen amp; Romild, 2011). While depression is no doubt a complex phenomena, and it can be argued that social support alone will not be able to concur the issue, but when used in conjunction with other treatment methods, it is certainly an invaluable tool. References: Arditte, K. A. , Joorman, J. (2011). Emotion regulation in depression: Re? ection predicts recovery from a major depressive episode. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 35, 356-543. Blais, R. K. , Renshaw, K. D. (2012). The association of biological and psychological attributions for depression with social support seeking intentions in individuals with depressive symptoms. Behavioural and Cognitive Therapies, 40, 605-617. Cheng, C. (1999). Gender-role differences in susceptibility to the influence of support availability on depression. Journal of Personality, 67(3), 439-467. Cobb, S. (1976). Social support as a moderator of life stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 38(4), 300-314. Cohen, S. Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310-357. Dobkin, R. D. , Panzarella, C. , Fernandez, J. , Alloy, L. B. , amp; Cascardi, M. (2004). Adaptive inferential feedback, depressonogenic inferences, and depressed mood: A labratory study of the expanded hopelessness theory of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 28(4), 487-509. Gladstone, G. L. , Parker, G. B. , Malh i, G. S. , Wilhelm, K. A. (2007). Feeling unsupported? An investigation of depressed patients perceptions. Journal of Affective Disorders, 103, 147-157. Grav, S. , Hellzen, O. , Romild, U. (2011). Association between social support and depression in the general population: the HUNT study, a cross-sectional study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 21, 111-120. Lin, N. , Ye, X. , amp; Ensel, W. M. (1999). Social support and depressed mood: A structural analysis. Jounal of Health and Social Behavior, 40(4), 344-359. Marroquin, B. (2011). Interpersonal emotion regulation as a mechanism for social support in depression. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 1276-1290. Panzarella, C. , Alloy, L. B. , Whitehouse, W. G. (2006). Expanded hopelessness theory of depression: On the mechanisms by which social support protects against depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 30, 307-333. Strange, J. P. , Boccia, A. S. , Shapero, B. G. , Molz, A. R. , Flynn, M. , Matt, L. M. , Alloy, L. B. (2013). Emotion regulation characteristics and cognitive vulnerabilities interact to predict depressive symptoms in individuals at risk for bipolar disorder: A prospective behavioural high-risk study. Cognition and Emotion, 27(1), 63-84.

Alexander Wang Essay Essay Example

Alexander Wang Essay Essay Example Alexander Wang Essay Essay Alexander Wang Essay Essay Mention Alexander Wang and about outright. images of upbeat. laidback manners. drenched in white. pastel sunglassess and black would come to mind. The immature interior decorator had. in a clip period of lone three old ages. made a name for himself in the industry with his trig minimal art and absolutely authoritative tailoring. Each and every one of his garments speak for themselves as they are sent down the track at Fashion Week in New York. clad by balmy ‘of-the-moment’ theoretical accounts. to the discerningly favorable eyes of the large names. the manner gurus and ‘It’ misss – the who’s who of manner. His journey to success may hold been brief. but the wunderkind continues to churn out enormously popular designs. and it most surely does non look like he is halting anytime shortly. Alexander Wang Image beginning: LA Times two. His beginnings Born and raised in San Francisco. Alexander Wang was born of Chinese-American descent. He started planing every bit early as nine. and began run uping and researching assorted do-it-yourself options at 15. His first completed garment constructed in 5th class. when he was simply 10. was a brace of â€Å"gingerbread-man pants† . with â€Å"no centre inseam† . He moved to New York City at the immature age of 18 to go to Parsons. The New School for Design. Deeply motivated by his determination to travel and the geographics of his so current location. he envisaged Parsons as a stepping-stone to greaterhighs. â€Å"I’m in New York City – I can make anything I put my bosom to† three. Education Whilst at Parsons. Wang partook in a assortment of internships to enrich his ain cognition of precisely how the industry works and what it has to offer. From stretchs at Teen Vogue. Derek Lam and Marc Jacobs. he believed it was ever wholly up to the person to do certain he gets what he wants. Even before get downing the school term at Parsons. Wang already decided he wanted an internship with Marc Jacobs. so he went. and got it. After all the hands-on experience he acquired. every bit good as the instruction he was having in school. he was ready to revisit his original passion – to make and to plan. He so approached his household on a immense determination – to discontinue school – and feared the worst. Fortunately. Wang’s household was mostly supportive and the forming of a household endeavor began. four. Early old ages in formation of label With the aid of his fiscal-savvy sister-in-law. Wang set up his label. Alexander Wang. and managed to procure whacking 80 purchasers at a trade show on the really first twenty-four hours. By his sophomore twelvemonth at Parsons in 2005. he was already planing his first aggregation. which were preponderantly knits. It included pieces for both work forces and adult females. and was inspired by authoritative. clean athletic wear with an air of relaxed. effortless attitude. â€Å"It’s a little industry. so most of my inspiration is from the street. It’s all those far-out people you merely knock into that inspire me the most† v. Development of his label When it comes to the designing procedure. Wang went with his inherent aptitude to make apparels people can have on. and will visualize have oning on a day-to-day footing. He brought back necessities losing in the industry at that period of clip. such as cashmere rudimentss. the perfect bike jacket. and really cagey reinventions of the authoritative small black frock. He launched his introduction full aggregation in 2007. accomplishing such huge popularity that it propelled his label to an international degree. selling to over 200 dress shops and retail shops in the States and across several continents. Even shops in the Middle East have been roped in to transport his line. Furthermore. his languid manners have amassed a faithful following that call themselves merely. Wangsters. A full accoutrements aggregation followed the subsequent twelvemonth every bit good as the birth of his diffusion line. Thymine by Alexander Wang. The unostentatious â€Å"cool† of the line of New Jersey T-shirts. armored combat vehicles and frocks. weightlessly evokes the same reasonable tone of his earliest aggregations. and have become a immense hit among famous persons and professionals working in the manner industry despite its budget-friendly monetary values. which decidedly favours the general community of fashion-savvy people. Thymine by Alexander Wang Image beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //fofd. wordpress. com/2009/02/15/to-t-or-not-to-t/ six. Growth of his label The household endeavor continues to turn due to one really particular fact – there are no external investors. With no 1 seeking to â€Å"break† into the company from the outside and therefore giving rise to any peripheral influences. Wang can to the full concentrate and develop his label the manner he wants to. with the aid of his full household. â€Å"If we can maintain one hundred per centum of our thoughts about how to turn the concern. so why non? † Within two seasons. Wang had already created a distinguishable manner that sets him apart from other interior decorators. The â€Å"Model Off-Duty† . besides known as the M. O. D. expression is a divergent manner from the common dash seen on many draw a bead oning interior decorators in the industry. such as elegant formalwear and excessive usage of epicurean cloths. No 1 was inclined to make an effortlessly sexy expression until Wang came along. One such theoretical account peculiarly renowned for her casual and high-strung manner is Erin Wasson. who served as Muse for Wang’s first aggregation on the track. seven. His successes Despite the apparently smooth journey to fame. Wang met with many stereotypes because of his immature age and the fact that he had started so immature. The issue he faced sing his age was an obstruction he had to get the better of. No 1 believed that he was able to accomplish such a degree of acknowledgment given his age. The fact that he is still immature compared to other more constituted interior decorators in the industry. besides workss doubt in people that he really has the ability to keep and develop his concern. and is truly non a â€Å"one fast one pony† . Wang’s ability to link with his mundane client comes through in his aptitude to make practical yet advanced garments. His manners are manner frontward yet still retaining a certain grade of archetypical criterion. a standard where people would hold the garment a authoritative. His reinventions of cashmere rudimentss and the simple white Jersey are cogent evidence of his endowments in the manner he addresses consumer demands when it comes to insouciant wear. His manners are statements in themselves. as more and more people turn to Wang for rudimentss and absolutely tailored curtains. Wang did non merely happen success in his faithful following known as the Wangsters. he besides lucratively formed a cult following among famous persons such as Rachel Bilson. Mischa Barton and Lindsay Lohan. Of-the-moment theoretical accounts such as Agyness Deyn. Lily Donaldson and Alice Dellal are besides famed for wearing Wang’s designs when off-duty every bit good as walking in his shows. viiii. Awards and awards Given his success so far. Wang is no uncertainty one of the hottest belongingss and interior decorators to look out for in the industry today. Not merely is he recognized by the general populace. he is besides acknowledged in the interior circle. which makes the greatest impact on a interior decorator when accepted. He was nominated for the Council of Fashion Designers of America ( CFDA ) in Women’s Wear award in 2008. Besides the nomination. he besides received top honours and won USD200. 000 from the CDFA/Vogue Magazine Fashion Fund Award. along with exposure and support with the response of the Ecco Domani Emerging Designer award in the same twelvemonth. In 2009. Wang was the victor of the CDFA Swarovski Women’s Wear Designer of the Year award every bit good as the Swiss Textiles Award. The Swiss Textiles Award had a award of 100. 000 Euros. with 10. 000 Euros allocated to purchase Swiss cloth. with the balance used to bring forth and market Wang’s approaching designs. nine. Inspiration and Muse Besides street civilization that Wang admits being inspired by. he besides had his in-house Muse and runway stylist. as aforesaid. theoretical account Erin Wasson. She was a life. walking signifier of stimulation for two seasons as they worked together on his Manner Week shows. She injected an immensely appropriate dosage of Model Street smart to his expressions by titling his track shows. as she worked on her ain line of jewellery. named Low Luv. Alexander Wang. theoretical account. Erin Wasson at exposure shoot Image beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //models. com/oftheminute/ ? p=1917 ten. His turning influence Collaborations were in line next as his capsule aggregation for Uniqlo debuted in May 2008 and were a immense success for the interior decorator. as his dreamy manners were made wallet-friendly for the general populace. He besides collaborated with Shiseido on a line of make-up. Maquillage. which is merely available in Asia. Wang besides established an alternate merchandise line of places. as seen in his coaction with American canvas shoe company Keds in autumn 2008. merely named Alexander Wang for Keds. eleven. Decision Barely five old ages into making his ain aggregations and puting up his labels. Wang is already waxing retrospective as he envisioned his Spring 2010 line for work forces. to hearken back to his beginnings as a immature. extravagant interior decorator in all the authoritative simpleness of his designs. Alexander Wang has decidedly come a long manner and even though his calling as a interior decorator is still good in its babyhood. he has achieved more success than most draw a bead oning interior decorators his age or even older will in a life-time. He has quickly become person to watch in a unusually short period of clip. as he continues to astonish us with his endowments.

Future world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Future world - Essay Example Governments across the globe are willingly and solidly supporting a human genome project that will totally map the chromosomes of all human beings. Advocates of genetic testing, genetic engineering, and cloning are strongly testifying to the massive benefits the human genome project will bring to humanity. But numerous questions are still bothering the critical public: What will the world look like in regard to genetic testing, genetic engineering, and cloning? Can the information learned from the Human Genome Project be used to eradicate disease? What are the ethical implications and how might this power be misused? This essay provides brief answers to these unsettling issues. When you come right down to it, the reason that we did this job is because it was an organic necessity. If you are a scientist, you cannot stop such a thing. If your are scientist, you believe that it is good to find out how the world works; that it is good to find what the realities are; that it is good to turn over to mankind at large the greatest possible power to control the world. The interesting point in Oppenheimer’s statement is his stress on the idea that science, as well as technology, is inevitable and relentless with the concurrent argument that its objective is to manipulate nature (Annas, 1989, 1), conflicting ideas that appear similarly at the core of the human genome project. The Wall Street Journal looks more accustomed and open to the commercial uses and future benefits of genetic engineering, genetic mapping and sequencing, and cloning than National Institutes of Health (NIH), even though Congressional backing of the project is anchored mainly in the expectation that genetic mapping can strengthen the leading position of the United States in the industry of biotechnology (Annas, 1989, 1-2). Thus the question is: What will